The
standard technique of conventional heating, for the extraction of the dye, is
characterized by the consumption of large volumes of solvents and energy,
lengthy extraction procedure and potentially deleterious denaturation
of the color of the dye. Hence, a recent, advanced and revolutionary technique,
Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) 8-13 is used which in turn
offers an unparallel environmental and experimental benefit. MAE is a similar
extraction method which reduces the extraction times to a shorter duration. The
objective of this research work is to evaluate directly focused microwave energy
for the isolation red dye from the heartwood of Artocarpous heterophyllus
Lam14.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS:
COLLECTION AND AUTHENTICATION:
The
heartwood of Artocarpous heterophyllus
Lam was collected from Thondamuttur, Coimbatore and
was authenticated by Dr. S. Rajan, survey of
medicinal plants and collection unit, Government arts college, Coimbatore.
CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURE:7
The
powder of the authentic heartwood chips of Artocarpous heterophyllus Lam (2.50 g) was refluxed
with methanol (50 ml) for 2 h. The red colored decoction was collected and the
process of extraction was repeated till the color of the extract became light.
All the extracts were pooled and methanol separated by vacuum distillation. A
red brown dye was obtained and its yield was calculated.
MICROWAVE
PROCEDURE:
The
extraction was performed on a microwave oven (Whirlpool, MT 243, 1000 W, 240 V
/50 Hz with electronic timer). The powder of the authentic heartwood chips of Artocarpous heterophyllus
Lam (2.50 g) was weighed and loaded in the extraction borosil
beaker, added methanol (50 ml) to it and kept in the microwave oven, covered
with a Petri dish contains ice, which serves as a heating sink. The extraction
was performed at different intensities and for various durations.
The
red colored decoction was collected and the process of irradiation was repeated
till the color of the extract became light. The extracts were combined and
concentrated by evaporating to dryness in a Rota vapor at low temperature
(40-50 °C) under reduced pressure. The red dye obtained by various conditions
were dried completely, weighed and the details shown in Table-1.
To
prove the identity, the red dye isolated by both conventional and microwave
methods were subjected to UV, I. R. and TLC studies. The different spots
developed for the extracts in each system, were detected by means of iodine
staining. A concentration of 100 μg / ml was
used for UV studies to find out the λmax of both
conventional and microwave extracts. The number of spots and the Rf values for both the dyes are
shown in Table - 2.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION:
The
percentage yield of red dye by conventional method involving three hours
heating was found to be 4.64 and 4.56. In the microwave method at 90 W, the
process was found to be very slow and at 350 W, bumping of the chemical
contents was observed. Hence, 160 W was selected as the choice of intensity. At
this intensity and for 22 minute duration, the percentage yield was found to be
5.76%. After all these trial and error efforts, 160 W intensity and 22 minute
duration was found to be the ideal microwave condition for the extraction of
red dye from the heartwood of Artocarpous heterophyllus. Thus by this green technique, in
addition to the achievement of higher yield, saving of a big difference of time
duration even by hours can also be achieved. The Rf values in two different solvent system, UV and IR
data were found to be identical.
CONCLUSION:
The
developed process can be used successfully and routinely in academic and
industrial laboratories. The advantage is that it can replace the standard
technique of conventional heating method.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The
authors wish to place on record their heartfelt thanks to Jagadguru
Sri Sri Shivarathreeshwar Deshikendra Mahaswamigalavaru of Suttur Mutt, India, for providing the facilities.
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Received
on 20.04.2010
Accepted on 13.05.2010
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.
2(4): July-Aug. 2010, 303-305